List of Probability and Statistics Symbols

SymbolSymbol NameMeaning / definition
σ2variancevariance of population values
˜xmedianmiddle value of random variable x
σXstandard deviationstandard deviation value of random variable X
corr(X,Y)correlationcorrelation of random variables X and Y

What does ∑ mean in statistics?

summation
∑ “sigma” = summation. (This is upper-case sigma. Lower-case sigma, σ, means standard deviation of a population; see the table near the start of this page.)

Which symbols are commonly used in social statistics?

Commonly used greek symbols

SignDescriptionMeaning in statistics
μMuMean of scores of population
ρRhoCorrelation in population
σSigmaStandard deviation
σ2Sigma squaredVariance of population

What sigma means in statistics?

standard deviation
The unit of measurement usually given when talking about statistical significance is the standard deviation, expressed with the lowercase Greek letter sigma (σ). The term refers to the amount of variability in a given set of data: whether the data points are all clustered together, or very spread out.

What is the U symbol in statistics?

The symbol ‘μ’ represents the population mean. The symbol ‘Σ Xi’ represents the sum of all scores present in the population (say, in this case) X1 X2 X3 and so on. The symbol ‘N’ represents the total number of individuals or cases in the population.

What does this symbol mean ∑?

The symbol ∑ indicates summation and is used as a shorthand notation for the sum of terms that follow a pattern.

What does SX mean in stats?

sample standard deviation
Sx is the sample standard deviation. The similar but slightly smaller number (sigma)x is the population standard deviation for the sample.

What is the B symbol in statistics?

beta
The first symbol is the unstandardized beta (B). This value represents the slope of the line between the predictor variable and the dependent variable. So for Variable 1, this would mean that for every one unit increase in Variable 1, the dependent variable increases by 1.57 units.

What is the new symbol in statistics?

Probability and statistics symbols table

SymbolSymbol NameMeaning / definition
f (x)probability density function (pdf)P(a ≤ x ≤ b) = ∫ f (x) dx
F(x)cumulative distribution function (cdf)F(x) = P(X≤ x)
μpopulation meanmean of population values
E(X)expectation valueexpected value of random variable X

What’s the difference between sigma and S?

The distinction between sigma (σ) and ‘s’ as representing the standard deviation of a normal distribution is simply that sigma (σ) signifies the idealised population standard deviation derived from an infinite number of measurements, whereas ‘s’ represents the sample standard deviation derived from a finite number of …

What does the U symbol mean in math?

Union
more The set made by combining the elements of two sets. So the union of sets A and B is the set of elements in A, or B, or both. The symbol is a special “U” like this: ∪

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