Pulmonary embolism ppt. DEFINITION • Pulmonary embolism is the blockage of pulmonary arteries by thrombus,fat or air emboli and tumour tissue. • It is the most common complication in hospitalised patients. • An embolus is a clot or plug that is carried by the bloodstream from its point of origin to a smaller blood vessel,…

What are the three phases of pulmonary ventilation?

Phases of pulmonary ventilation • Inspiration, or inhalation – A very active process that requires input of energy. The diaphragm contracts, moving downward and flattening. • Expiration, or exhalation – A passive process that takes advantage of the recoil properties of elastic fiber.

What are the two phases of respiration?

Breathing • Breathing (pulmonary ventilation). consists of two cyclic phases: • Inhalation, also called inspiration – draws gases into the lungs. • Exhalation, also called expiration – forces gases out of the lungs. 5.

What is external respiration or pulmonary gas exchange?

External respiration or pulmonary gas exchange • It is the diffusion of O2 from air in the alveoli of the lungs to blood in pulmonary capillaries and the diffusion of CO2 in the opposite direction.

What are the treatment options for pulmonary embolism?

Pulmonary embolism. Treatment is typically with blood thinners such as heparin or warfarin. Often these are recommended for at least six months. Severe cases may require thrombolysis using medication such as tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), or may require surgery, such as a pulmonary thrombectomy.

What is the rate of incidence for pulmonary emboli?

Pulmonary emboli affect about 430,000 people each year in Europe. In the United States between 300,000 and 600,000 cases occur each year, which results in between 50,000 and 200,000 deaths. Rates are similar in males and females. They become more common as people get older.

How accurate is a 4 slice scan for pulmonary embolism?

A separate study with a mixture of 4 slice and 16 slice scanners reported a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 96%, which means that it is a good test for ruling out a pulmonary embolism if it is not seen on imaging and that it is very good at confirming a pulmonary embolism is present if it is seen.